PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.